Party affiliation/Party identification: Psychological attachment to a particular political party, either thinking of oneself as a member of the party or expressing greater closeness to one party than another. Panel surveys make it possible to observe how individuals change over time because the answers they give to questions in a current survey can be compared with their answers from a previous survey. Panel survey: A type of survey that relies on a group of people who have agreed to participate in multiple surveys over a time period. Nonvoter: Citizens who didn’t have a record of voting in any voter file or told us they didn’t vote. Mobilize: Efforts by candidates, political campaigns and other organizations to encourage or facilitate eligible citizens to turn out to vote. Senate seats (senators serve six-year terms). House seats are up for election every two years, as are a third of U.S. Midterm elections: General elections held in all states and the District of Columbia in the even-numbered years between presidential elections. It can also apply to any set of elections. The term commonly refers to people who vote in a presidential election but not in the next midterm. Also referred to as “vote switching.”ĭrop off/Drop-off voters: People who vote in a given election but not in a subsequent election. Some panelists have been participating in surveys since 2014.ĭefectors/Defection: People who either switch their vote to a different party’s candidate from one election to the next, or those who in a given election do not support the candidate of the party they usually support. Here are the questions used for this report, along with responses, and its methodology.Īmerican Trends Panel: Pew Research Center’s online probability survey panel, which consists of more than 12,000 adults who take two to three surveys each month. That produced new results that slightly changed the numbers we reported about the 2020 election but changed no substantive findings in our report. Panelists who said they voted and for whom a voting record was located are considered validated voters all others are presumed not to have voted.Īdditionally, we revised our statistical approach for the 2020 survey. We verified their turnout in the four general elections using commercial voter files that aggregate publicly available official state turnout records. adults online on our nationally representative American Trends Panel (ATP). We can also measure how adults’ partisan voting preferences change (or do not change) between electionsįor this study, we surveyed U.S. By surveying the same people over time, we can more clearly see how differences in who stays home – and who turns out to vote –impacts each election. ![]() Panel data provides us a unique opportunity to study elections. Measuring turnout among different groups in the electorate is challenging it is particularly difficult to assess changes in turnout from election to election. We also wanted to compare how turnout and vote choices differed from previous elections in 2020, 20. We conducted this study to better understand which voters cast ballots in the 2022 midterm elections and how they voted.
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